Introduction: Due to the relationship between adipose tissue and cardiovascular outcomes, it is important to monitor the changes in body composition after renal transplant. The aim of the study was to describe the changes in body composition in children during the first-year post- renal transplant.

Methods: We included a cohort of patients aged 5-18 years transplanted between 2014-2017, all signed informed consent/assent. A dual-energy X ray absorptiometry ( DXA) and anthropometric measurement was performed in the first three months after renal transplant and 12 months afterwards. Bone mineral content (BMC, fat mass (FM) , non-bone lean mass (LM) and the index lean mass/Fat mass was calculated to evaluate the proportion of lean mass related to fat.

Results: 50 patients were included, 51% males, 69% adolescents. At baseline low height was found in 78%; by body mass index 69% were normal, 14% had overweight, 4% obesity and 12% were emaciated. By body composition median FM was 26% for female children, 27% for males; in adolescents it was 34% for females and 22% for males. At 12  months the frequency of subjects with normal weight increased to 80%, diminishing the frequency of overweight to 12% and obesity to 2%, only 6% continue emaciated. The changes in the body fat percentage in males was -0.01% whereas in females increased 0.03%, p>0.05.

Conclusions: It is important to evaluate body composition changes in pediatric renal transplant receptors, we found that they continue with low height. No significant changes were found at 12 months in BF- LM in Mexican transplanted -children. Adolescent women tend to acquire more fat.