He is the chief of the pediatric intensive care unit at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) in Ottawa and Associate Professor (Pediatrics) at the University of Ottawa. He previously trained at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, and London's Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.

He is now the Chair of the Canadian Donation Physician Network, Chair of Canadian Blood Services’ national Deceased Donation Advisory Committee, and steering committee member of Health Canada’s Organ Donation and Transplantation Collaborative. Dr. Dhanani is Associate Director for donation research for the Canadian Donation and Transplant Research Program.

His own area of focus is leading international research pertaining to practices and standards for determining death after cardiac arrest for the purposes of donation.